Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that can cause social, communication, and behavioral challenges. This “Questions and Answers” will answer some common questions about autism in young children.
How common is autism?
In the United States, 1 in 54 children have been identified with autism spectrum disorder according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
What are the defining characteristics of autism spectrum disorder?
Young children with ASD may communicate, interact, behave, and learn in ways that are different from most other kids. The learning, thinking, and problem-solving abilities of children with ASD can vary widely. Some children with ASD need a lot of help in their daily lives; others need less.
How early can you notice signs of autism?
Children can be diagnosed with autism as young as 18 months. Parents and caregivers can learn to recognize the early signs of autism in infants and toddlers.
What are some of the signs of autism?
Some of the signs of autism are:
- repeating actions over and over again
- not looking at objects when another person points at them (called joint attention)
- avoiding eye contact
- wanting to be alone
- preferring not to be held or cuddled
- appearing to be unaware when people talk to them, but responding to other sounds
- not playing “pretend” games, such as playing “kitchen” or “cooking”
- losing skills they once had, such as when a child talks, using 10–15 words regularly with others, then stops talking altogether or when a child smiles and laughs when playing with a peer, then no longer looks at or “notices” a peer when playing near them
How will I know whether a child has autism?
First, familiarize yourself with typical child development. CDC’s Developmental Milestones checklists for children birth through age 5 can be helpful in seeing what is typical for a child of a particular age. Download the free Milestone Tracker app for similar information.
Teachers and families can learn more about the unique characteristics of autism spectrum disorder in the free online course and video Many Faces of Autism from the OCALI Autism Certification Center.
What can I do if I suspect that a child in my care has autism?
If the child is not meeting developmental milestones, or if you have noticed any of the signs mentioned in this Q&A, you can seek additional help. If the child is age 3 or older, you can get a developmental screening through your pediatrician or your local school district. For an infant or toddler, you can request a screening through your pediatrician or an evaluation through early intervention. It is important not to “wait and see” for a diagnosis. Early intervention is available to help very young children make progress in their learning and development.
How do I access community-based therapy services using insurance or private pay for a child with autism?
After the child has received a medical diagnostic evaluation and has been diagnosed with autism, the diagnosing clinician (M.D. or Ph.D.) will make individualized recommendations for services in your community. Families can then select and enroll in therapy services, which may be paid for through a family’s medical insurance or out-of-pocket. According to The Autism Program (TAP) of Illinois, common community-based therapy services include speech therapy, behavioral therapy, and occupational therapy.
How do I access school-based special education services for a child with autism ages 3-5?
After the child has received a medical diagnostic evaluation and has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, you can request a comprehensive evaluation from your local school district to see whether the child is eligible for any school-based special education services. If your child has not received a medical diagnosis of autism but you are concerned about their development, you can also request a screening or evaluation from the school district. If eligible, these school-based services, such as early childhood classes, speech and language therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and others are free to families.
How do I access early intervention services for an infant or toddler with autism?
If the child is under age 3 and has been diagnosed with autism through a medical diagnostic evaluation, you can request an evaluation through early intervention to see whether the infant or toddler may be eligible for therapies and services through the state’s early intervention program. An infant or toddler may also be eligible for early intervention services if they have a significant delay in their development.
How can I get support in parenting a child with autism?
Children with autism may exhibit challenging behavior, such as aggression, self-injury, and social-communication issues, which can be difficult and stressful to deal with at home. Small changes at home can help, such as building visual schedules or checklists and supporting a child’s communication efforts.
Connecting with other families of children with autism can be very helpful, too. Many communities host support groups for parents. ARC of Illinois has a Family-to-Family Health Information Center for this very purpose.
Additional resources to help family members of children with autism are listed in this resource list.
How can I support a child with autism in my classroom?
Early childhood educators can use many inclusive techniques to support all children in their classrooms, such as
- modifying the classroom environment,
- adapting materials and activities, and
- incorporating universal design into classroom activities.
This IEL podcast focuses on how preschool teachers can help children with ASD succeed in inclusive preschool classrooms.
Can children grow out of autism?
Signs of ASD begin during early childhood and typically last throughout a person’s life. With services and support, day-to-day challenges may decrease as individuals learn new behaviors, communication skills, and mature in their development.
IEL Resources
Tip Sheets:
Resource Lists:
Blogs:
- Curriculum Modifications: Environmental Adaptations
- Curriculum Modifications: Materials Adaptations
- Visual Schedules and Checklists
- Which to Choose? Universal Design for Learning or Accommodations
Podcast: Supporting Children with the Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Preschool Classrooms
Web Resources
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Autism Treatment and Therapy
Source: The Autism Program of Illinois (TAP)
Research shows that early diagnosis and appropriate evidence-based autism interventions offer a child diagnosed on the autism spectrum the best opportunity to achieve their maximum potential. This article lists common services for children with autism and offers a link to find services and resources through the nearest TAP service provider.
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CDC’s Developmental Milestones
(also in Spanish)Source: Centers on Disease Control (CDC)
Skills such as taking a first step, smiling for the first time, and waving “bye bye” are called developmental milestones. Children reach milestones in how they play, learn, speak, act, and move (crawling, walking, etc.). This website lists developmental milestones for children ages 2 months through 5 years.
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CDC’s Milestone Tracker App
(also in Spanish)Source: Centers on Disease Control (CDC)
From birth to age 5, your child should reach milestones in how he or she plays, learns, speaks, acts, and moves. Photos and videos in this app illustrate each milestone and make tracking them for your child easy and fun!
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Data and Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder
Source: Centers on Disease Control (CDC)
The latest data on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from CDC’s Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network.
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Family-to-Family Health Information Center
Source: Arc Illinois
The Arc of Illinois Family-to-Family Health Information Center works with families and professionals to assist with questions and concerns related to the health of children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) under the age of 22. This website explains to families how the Center can help, their main goals, Center resources, and how to contact the Center.
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Learn the Signs
Source: The Autism Program of Illinois (TAP)
Regular screening for developmental milestones is advised during well child visits. This article lists “red flags” that may suggest an infant or toddler is at risk for autism.
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Many Faces of Autism Course
Source: OCALI Autism Certification Center
This introductory online module presents information about unique characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including social-communication, restricted interests and patterns of behavior, sensory, cognition and information processing, and emotional regulation. Five simple strategies are introduced that may be used anytime, anywhere with young children, students, and adults with ASD.